ABSTRACT
This paper compared and analyzed the relevant records of Chinese medicine pharmacy in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,and summarized the changes of the dosage forms,preparation techniques and administration methods of Chinese medicine with the development of history.In this study,three classic medical works in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,including Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergency and Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies,were taken as the research objects,and the development of the dosage forms,auxiliary materials,preparation technology and medication theory were summarized and explored by the ways of content analysis,comparative analysis and case analysis.The comparison showed that in the development process,the dosage forms gradually increased,but the liquid dosage forms gradually decreased,the solid dosage forms gradually increased.Not only the dosage forms varied in the number,types of excipients used more and more,but the level of preparation had been constantly improved while the methods of taking became more detailed.This evolution of dosage forms and pharmaceutical technologies in Chinese history is worth learning and thinking about it.Through exploring the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) technologies and theories in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,we can contribute to the inheritance of traditional preparations and it can provide the basis for the development of modern preparations with TCM characteristics.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate the effects of dual-antiplatelet medication time on efficacy and safety of postoperative complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI）， and to provide evidence-based reference for the formulation of antiplatelet therapy after TAVI. METHODS： Retrieved from Cochrane clinical controlled trial registration center， PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Wanfang database and CJFD， during database establishment to Feb. 2019， RCTs and observational study about efficacy （all-cause mortality and incidence of stroke） and safety （the incidence of major bleeding events） the effects of dual-antiplatelet therapy for postoperative complications after TAVI at different time points were collected. After data extraction of clinical studies met inclusion criteria， quality evaluation with Cochrane bias risk evaluation tool 5.1.0 （for RCT） or Newcastle- Ottawa Scale （for observational study）， Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 14.0 statistical software. Meta-regression analysis was also conducted for outcome and different treatment duration. RESULTS： A total of 3 RCTs and 10 observational studies were included， involving 2 868 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of all-cause mortality one month and 6 months after medication were 0.05 [95％CI （0.03， 0.07）， P＜0.001] and 0.07 [95％CI （0.05， 0.08）， P＜0.001]. The incidence of major bleeding events 1， 3 and 6 months after medication were 0.14 [95％CI （0.08，0.19）， P＜0.001]， 0.11 [95％CI （0.03， 0.19）， P＝0.007] and 0.13 [95％CI （0.05， 0.22）， P＝0.002]. The incidence of stroke after one month after medication was 0.04 [95％CI （0.03， 0.05）， P＜0.001]. Results of Meta-regression analysis showed that the all-caused mortality [regression coefficient＝0.005 7， 95％CI （－0.001 6， 0.013 0）， P＝0.116]， major bleeding [regression coefficient＝－0.000 5，95％CI（－0.022 4，0.021 4）， P＝0.959] or the incidence of stroke [regression coefficient＝0.001 4， 95％CI （－0.003 8， 0.006 5）， P＝0.570] were not related to medication duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSIONS： The prolongation of the medication time of the dual-antiplatelet therapy has no significant effect on the efficacy and safety of TAVI.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation of blood concentrations of tamoxifen (TAM) and its metabolites with endometrial hyperplasia in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer patients. METHODS:A total of 69 patients with ER-posi-tive breast cancer selected from our hospital during Mar. 2015-Apr. 2016 received TAM (twice a day,one tablet each time) for more than 6 months. According to endometrial thickness,they were divided into abnormal hyperplasia group(40 cases)and normal group(29 cases). The steady state concentrations of TAM and its metabolites [4-OH-tamoxifen(OHT),N-demethylation tamoxifen (DMT),Endoxifen] were determined by HPLC-FLU. The correlation of blood concentration and other factors with endometrial thickness were investigated by Pearson test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS:The medication time and Endoxifen steady state concentration in abnormal hyperplasia group were both significantly longer or higher than normal group,with statistical signifi-cance (P0.05). The endometrial thickness was positively correlated with Endoxifen steady state concentra-tion and medication time(r=0.447,0.460,P<0.05). Using endometrial thickness(y)as dependent variable,medication time(x1) and Endoxifen steady state concentration(x2)as independent variable,multiple regression analysis was conducted. Multiple regres-sion equation was calculated as follows:y=2.436+0.123x1+0.082x2(F=12.610,r=0.526,P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Medication time and Endoxifen steady state concentration may be related to endometrial hyperplasia,which can provide reference for predicting TAM induced endometrial abnormal hyperplasia in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect after operation infection in the department of orthopedics in our hospital,and to explore the use of antibiotics to prevent infection treatment best administration time,duration of drugs and the effect of several drug combination therapy.Methods 492 patients were randomly divided into A,B,C groups,A group included 163 cases in β-lactam and Aminoglycosides,B group was 162 cases in β-lactam and Macrolide,C group 167 cases were in two β-lactam.Comparison of three groups of anti-infection treatment.Results Preoperative administration of 0.5 ～ 2h efficiency was 97.4％,preoperative 3 ～ 24h efficiency was 94.5％,both difference was statistically significant(x2 =4.97,P ＜0.05) ; medication persistence time ＜ 24h effective rate reached 92.3％,medication duration 24h to 3d efficiency 96.8％,use duration of 4 ～7d effective rate was 83.5％,the use of antibiotics of short duration group had significantly higher efficiency long service group,significant difference (x2 =6.19,P ＜0.05).A,B,C group combined medication against infection of total effectiveness respectively was 95.3％,94.5％,95.2％,which was not statistically significant (F =0.16,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Operation before the use of antibiotic prophylaxis against infection effect is good,several antibiotics combined with medication regimens has no significant difference in efficiency.